Both ADD and ADHD are neurodevelopmental illnesses that affect youths and can last into maturity. The reason is mostly in symptoms and subgroups. ADD and ADHD are different in this outline.
ADHD is a broad term that includes three subtypes: mainly inattentive (ADHD-PI), mostly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), and combination (ADHD-C). ADD, on the other hand, was once used to define inattentive people without hyperactivity. The ADHD-PI subtype now includes ADD.
Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity characterize ADHD. ADHD sufferers have trouble focusing, staying on target, and following directions. They may also be hyperactive, fidgeting, or unable to sit still. Impulsivity in ADHD can lead to acting without thinking, disrupting discussions, or taking risks without thinking.
In contrast, ADD was previously used to denote inattentive people. These people may have trouble organizing, focusing, or staying focused. They may misplace things, forget things, or have trouble managing time. It’s vital to note that the inattentive symptoms of ADD are now considered a subtype of ADHD (ADHD-PI) rather than a distinct condition.
The terminology and understanding of various illnesses have changed throughout time. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) no longer utilizes the term ADD to diagnose ADHD. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity sometimes coexist, therefore this update acknowledges that.
ADD and ADHD vary mostly in their historical background and nomenclature. ADD was originally used to designate those with mostly inattentive symptoms, but now ADHD-PI is used. Inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and mixed ADHD are all considered ADHD. Understanding these distinctions is critical for correct diagnosis and appropriate care of these neurodevelopmental diseases, which can profoundly influence an individual’s daily functioning and quality of life.
|
S. No. |
Aspect |
ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) |
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) |
|
1 |
Terminology |
Historically used term; now considered outdated |
Modern and widely used term |
|
2 |
Subtypes Included in Diagnosis |
N/A; used to refer to inattention-only presentation |
Inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined presentation |
|
3 |
Inattentive Symptoms |
Also includes inattention symptoms |
|
|
4 |
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms |
Not considered in the historical context |
Includes hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms |
|
5 |
Combined Presentation |
N/A |
Recognized and diagnosed subtype |
|
6 |
Diagnosis Criteria |
Not a current diagnostic term |
Diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria |
|
7 |
Treatment Approach |
Similar to inattentive presentation of ADHD |
Comprehensive approach for all subtypes |
|
8 |
Common Symptoms |
Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, disorganization |
Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity |
|
9 |
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Presentation |
Not applicable in the historical context |
Recognized subtype within ADHD diagnosis |
|
10 |
Impact on Daily Life |
Can still impact daily functioning |
May have more varied impact depending on subtype |
|
11 |
Academic and Occupational Challenges |
Often experience academic and work challenges |
Similar challenges across all subtypes |
|
12 |
Diagnosis Age |
Often diagnosed in childhood or adolescence |
Diagnosed across various age groups |
|
13 |
Neurobiological Basis |
Similar neurobiological underpinnings |
Shared neurobiological mechanisms |
|
14 |
Executive Functioning Impairments |
Often associated with executive function deficits |
Present across all subtypes |
|
15 |
Impulsivity |
N/A |
Present in hyperactive-impulsive subtype |
|
16 |
Behavioral Interventions |
May involve strategies for improving attention |
Applied across all ADHD subtypes |
|
17 |
Medication Management |
Medications like stimulants might be used |
|
|
18 |
Focus on Hyperactivity and Impulsivity |
N/A |
Emphasis in hyperactive-impulsive subtype |
|
19 |
Emotional Regulation Challenges |
May experience difficulties regulating emotions |
Impacts emotions in all ADHD subtypes |
|
20 |
Diagnostic Evaluation |
Similar criteria for inattentive presentation |
Criteria vary across inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive subtypes |
|
21 |
Social Implications |
Can affect social interactions |
May lead to social challenges in all subtypes |
|
22 |
Cognitive Functioning |
Executive functioning deficits prominent |
Shared cognitive challenges across subtypes |
|
23 |
Learning Disabilities |
May be associated with specific learning disabilities |
Learning difficulties can be present |
|
24 |
Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions |
Useful for addressing attention-related challenges |
Beneficial for managing behavior across subtypes |
|
25 |
Motor Restlessness |
N/A |
Present in hyperactive-impulsive subtype |
|
26 |
Neurodevelopmental Disorder Diagnosis |
Previously considered under this category |
Now classified as Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
|
27 |
Medication Options |
N/A |
Medication options relevant for all subtypes |
|
28 |
Neurotransmitter Involvement |
Dopamine and norepinephrine imbalances |
Shared involvement of dopamine and norepinephrine |
|
29 |
Historical Perspective and Language Shift |
Historical term with limited accuracy |
Reflects modern understanding and terminology |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS)
Q1. What is the difference between ADD and ADHD?
ADD and ADHD are related to neurodevelopmental diseases. Terminology and history distinguish them. ADHD now has three subtypes: mostly inattentive (ADHD-PI), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), and mixed (ADHD-C).
Q2. What are the common symptoms of ADHD?
ADHD causes inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD sufferers may have trouble concentrating or following directions. Hyperactivity can cause restlessness, fidgeting, or difficulty to sit. Impulsivity can lead to dangerous conduct, interruptions, and unconsidered activities.
Q3. Is ADD still a valid diagnosis?
ADD is no longer a diagnosis. ADHD-PI now includes inattentive symptoms in the DSM-5. We now know that inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity commonly coexist and vary in intensity.
Q4. Can adults have ADHD, or is it only a childhood disorder?
Adult ADHD exists. Many people continue to have symptoms after being identified in childhood. Adults with ADHD may have trouble organizing, managing time, focusing, or meeting obligations. It impacts relationships, employment, and life.
Q5. How is ADHD diagnosed and treated?
A skilled healthcare practitioner reviews symptoms, medical history, and typically parental, teacher, or caregiver input to diagnose ADHD. Behavior modification, psychoeducation, therapy, and medication may be used. Methylphenidate and amphetamines are often recommended to promote attention and self-control.
